Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

Article Title: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural biomarkers are effective to categorize osteoarthritis phenotype and progression in Standardbred racehorses over five years of racing career

doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0873-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal course of OA biomarkers levels and corresponding clinical scores in the PTOA group. Percentual variations of OA biomarker levels and corresponding radiographic and lameness scores, in the PTOA group of racehorses ( n = 25), during 5 years of racing activity. Panel a refers to values in the sera. Panel b refers to the synovial fluid values. Data for each time point represent the mean levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, CTXII, COMP, Radiographic score and Lameness score. Standard deviation (SD) error bars are not plotted in these graphs for clarity. Reference value at T0 is delineated (dotted line). * p < 0.05 versus level at previous time-point. ** p < 0.001 versus level at previous time-point

Article Snippet: Interleukin-6 concentrations were measured with a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit using a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against equine IL-6 (SEA079Eq, USCN Life Science Inc., Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Biomarker Assay, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Soloxolone methyl inhibits influenza virus replication and reduces virus-induced lung inflammation

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14029-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: SM decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improve factors of nonspecific resistance. A549 cells were infected with IVA at MOI 0.1 After 1 h of adsorption at 37 °C, the monolayers were washed twice with PBS and incubated with 1 µM of SM for 24 h. The levels of IL-6 (A) and TNF-α (B) in the supernatants were evaluated by ELISA. Data are represented as the mean ± SD. p-value: **p < 0.01. (C) Immunohistochemical staining of IL-6, TNF-alpha and Lysozyme positive cells in the lung tissue of IVA-infected mice treated with vehicle (10% Tween-80) (I, II, III) or 5 mg/kg of SM on day 5 p.i. (IV, V, VI). Arrows show IL-6 (I, IV), TNF-alpha (II, VII) and Lysozyme (III, VIII) positive cells in the lung tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections by anti-IL-6, anti-TNF-alpha and anti-Lysozyme monoclonal antibodies. Magnification 400×.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 100 µl of supernatant and 100 µl of Dilution Buffer were placed to wells with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or TNF-α and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C and 700 rpm in thermostatic shaker ST-3M (ELMI Ltd, Latvia).

Techniques: Infection, Adsorption, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining